This pdf covers the following topics related to surveying : Surveying is the science and art of making all essential measurements to determine the relative position of points or physical and cultural details. Surveys are required prior to and during the planning and construction of buildings, dams, highways, railways, bridges,.
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The main objective of the surveying lab manual is to teach the student to impart the practical knowledge in the field to set out any civil engineering work, especially in advanced surveying. Surveying is of special importance and interest to a civil engineer. Fundamentals of surveying by s.k.
Introduction, theory of error, basic survey measurements, traverse survey, curves, triangulation.